Cardiff Bay – A brief history

The mari measure history of the port of Cardiff dates back to Viking Times. At this point it was only a small port which had a fairly constant flow of imports and exports.In 1794 the construction of the Glamorgan ship tushal which resulted from the development of the iron attention meant that the export of iron through Cardiff became considerable (350,000 tonnes a year).During the second part of the nineteenth century the port continued to grow at a fast-flying rate, this was Cardiffs heyday.During the First World War Cardiff saw a dramatic decline in exports and the port and city. During the Second World War Cardiff had somewhat of a conversion due to its key geographical location.After being passed to and from the public and private sectors and with the continuing decline of the Wales coal fields Cardiff left large argonas of Cardiff useless as it all depended on the coal flow.Cardiff then diversified into activities such(prenominal) as oil, grain, frozen products and steel. This meant that there was no longer a demand for some of Cardiffs sometime(a) dock facilities.The Glamorgan ship canal, which prompted the growth and prosperity of Cardiff, was filled in, in 1955. Then in 1964 the thate West rozelle was closed and shortly afterwards the Bute East Dock in 1970.It is this bleak history which prompted the plans for the transformation of Cardiff Docks into Cardiff Bay.The Cardiff Bay Regeneration ProjectThe CBDC (Cardiff Bay Development Corporation) was set up in April 1987 by the then writing table of State for Wales Nicholas Edwards. It was formed as part of the governments urban development program aiming to regenerate deprived and run down inner city argonas of Britain.The CBDC was given the assess of regenerating the old docklands area of the city. Because of the scaled of the problem (only two of the five docks remain operational) this means this is the second largest redevelopment scheme in Europe.Read besides History QuizzesThe CBDC gave this mission statementTo put Cardiff on the international map as a superlative maritime city which will stand affinity with some(prenominal) such city in the world, thereby enhancing the image and economic well-being of Cardiff and Wales as a wholeThis was a brave statement and was followed up by these main objectivesTo promote development and provide a superb environment in which concourse would want to live, work and play.To re-unite the city of Cardiff with its waterfront.To bring preceding a liquify of development which would create a wide range of job opportunities and reflect the hopes and aspirations of communities of the area.To achieve the highest standards of design and quality in all types of investment.To lay reveal the area as a recognised centre of excellence and innovation in the Field of urban diversity.These objectives were to be met by introducing businesses into the local area and construct shops and amenities basically all achieved through huge amounts o f government funding.Strategies (what has been done?)Some large companies have also decided to locate in Cardiff and are providing new jobs. One such comp all is NCM which is a Dutch insurance company, with large companies like this being based in Cardiff a sense of pledge will be build up and separate businesses will also relocate.The transport system is without delay referred to as an Ultasystem. Basically there has been a huge improvement in public transport with regular busses taking you all round the city. The City is also connected via water fronts and you can travel by water around Cardiff if you want to. The traffic is also not as bad as in a lot of modern cities which leads to less befoulment and a nicer asynchronous transfer mode.thither is a vast difference in the public and private residential areas. The public residential areas are rather ugly and drab, the surroundings are poorly kept and there is a lack of variety. However the newer private residential area is much nicer. Both in its appearance and its atmosphere rather than cramped it is spacious with well maintained surroundings. There are also many local amenities in the private areas. Full exposit can be seen in the table attached.The locals dont seem to like the newcomers that much and tolerate them all the same. It may be a long time before there is a sense of community spirit between the different fractions. But this said it is very hard to measure something like a sense of community and the relationship between neighbours because it is often the minority which is seen and heard whereas the majority dont have a problem with it.The job opportunities are quite favourable in the area. There are both low skilled jobs in which most(prenominal) mess could get a job and also large employers such as NCM who offer a wide range of jobs and promotional opportunities. Having said that they is still quite a lot of unemployment around Cardiff but this is true in Wales as a whole and not a l ocalised problem. But the employment situation locally has vastly improved since the CBDC have taken action.There has also been massive redevelopment. The Millennium waterfront provides entertainment which pubs and bars. From private investors there is also a sports village with many very good sporting facilities. There are also conservation areas. These all provide entertainment for the people living in Cardiff and also provide a nicer environment, keeping people happy.Cardiff Bays past can be seen all around, from older buildings with interesting architecture to disused warehouses. The main clue to Cardiffs historical past lies in museums and the design of buildings, indicating a rich and various(a) past in which the port played a major role in the city. There is also a castle in Cardiff which somehow seems out of place in a port city.Most of the original buildings in the area now have different purposes. For example the Norwegian Church has now been converted into an art gallery and coffee shop, complete with a tourist shop. This is symbolic of how Cardiff has had to adapt, now replying on new business and tourism rather than on a single source (coal).I think the old buildings at first detract from the maritime environment until you realise that buildings like these were only built here because of all the different cultures coming in from the port. When you view them in that context you can plainly see that they stand as monuments to Cardiffs past as one of the major ports of the world.EvaluationThere is strong evidence to suggest that this has not worked. One prime example is that of the emptiness in the shopping centre, most of the shops are up for rent and empty and the ones that are there are mostly coffee shops and aimed at tourists. This means that little has been done to the actual people of Cardiff apart from disguising the embayment as a good place to visit for tourists.However I dont believe this is the case.The real question that has to be aske d in any evaluation is, have the objectives been met? Well here are the objectives that were laid down by the CBDCTo promote development and provide a superb environment in which people would want to live, work and play.There are many local amenities which have been built including educational facilities such as techniquest which promote a better environment for children. People that were interviewed did like it where they were living, it was also evident that people were proud of their heritage, in my opinion this object has been met, perhaps not fully but at least a vast improvement.To re-unite the city of Cardiff with its waterfront.This is perhaps a harder task because it replies more on the people of Cardiff rather than any government schemes. But there has been a start regular ferries go along the water front to different parts of Cardiff establishing an important link.To bring forward a mix of development which would create a wide range of job opportunities and reflect the ho pes and aspirations of communities of the area.There is not so much of a mix of jobs going as perhaps the CBDC wanted but there are certainly some good opportunities for jobs now. A good example are jobs large companies such as NCM provide. However the work is limited to a small amount of industrial work, tourism work and some small scale commercial work. So for people with skills outside those professions there is not so much of a scope for work. However this is still a great improvement and with growing confidence from other companies Cardiffs employment prox is looking good.To achieve the highest standards of design and quality in all types of investment.This cant really be argued with all the new buildings are well designed and colourful. The quality is good and a lot of work goes into maintaining them. But although buildings look good, as always its whats on the inside that truly counts (which isnt a lot in the shopping centre) But the objective has been met.To establish the a rea as a recognised centre of excellence and innovation in the Field of urban regeneration.I think people can clearly see that there has been definite improvement. This is the second largest urban renewal in the whole of Europe so its going to take a little longer to achieve this objective fully, but the CBDC is well on its way.ConclusionTo conclude I believe that the regeneration of Cardiff Docks into Cardiff Bay has been a success. But a limited success. This is because there is still a lot of work to be done. The CBDC now needs to look to the future and decide where it has made mistakes in the past, learn from them, and draw up some more defined objectives, as the last were not specific enough. Once it has obtained these objectives it should move to meet one at a time, not all at once which is what I feel they have done. With so much going on at once it would have been hard to manage and keep a clear view of the renewal situation as a whole, which lead to problems such as lack o f interest in the shopping centre.They now have a strong foot hole and from this they can continue to improve Cardiff bay and eventually realise their dream-like statement.To put Cardiff on the international map as a superlative maritime city which will stand comparison with any such city in the world, thereby enhancing the image and economic well-being of Cardiff and Wales as a whole

Mad Shadows

Compare and contrast. The topic I have chosen to discuss is the function and nub of dreams and dreaming in fantasy texts. Dreaming, in this context, is an implicit representation of the characters ideals and their wants. I believe the function of dreaming in fairy tales to be a ephemeral escape from superstars reality, a reflection of ones true desires, as well as a tool that gives dimension to the characters, while at the same time allowing the ratifier to better understand the mind of the characters.This is demonstrated with the characters of Cinderella, in the different versions of Cinderella in the classic Fairy Tales, as well as with Isabelle Marie, in Mad Shadows. In Mad Shadows, the main character Isabelle Marie is deemed ugly by her go, and for this reason is treated as virtually a slave and made to tend to the needs of her mother and more exquisite brother Patrice, who gets all of their mothers attention for being beautiful. Isabelle Marie then meets Michel, a blind b oy with whom she falls in love with, and he with her on the pretense of her lying to him about being beautiful.During scenes where she is running around the meadow with him, temporarily escaping her life, she dreams of being beautiful and accepted by Michel. , almost to the point of delusion. need to be beautiful will probably make me beautiful, thought Isabelle Marie, to justify her game. (p. 42. ), game being her deception of Michel. Her being beautiful would make her situation untold different. Her mother would accept her, Michel would accept her, and so she believes her life would be easier and naturally much better would she be beautiful.Dreaming in these texts proves a temporary escape from the situations of these teenage girls who are in less than desirable positions. Another function of dreaming in these texts would be a reflection of the characters true desires, in this case a longing to be accepted and loved. Isabelle Marie does not feel loved and accepted. Her mother Louise does not accept or love her daughter because she is not seen as beautiful as her brother Patrice. Michel, the boy she meets and falls in love with, falls in love with her because Isabelle Marie lies and tells him she is beautiful. She wanted to be in love, to be beautiful. Both of them were pure, for in her longed a desire for perfect beauty (p. 36). This demonstrates Isabelle Maries desperation to be accepted and loved. Both Cinderella and Isabelle Maries true desires are to be accepted and loved, one through meeting her prince charming, and the other through becoming physically beautiful. Lastly, dreaming serves as a functional tool in fantasy texts as a way of giving characters more dimension, as well as allowing the reader to comprehend the mind and actions of the characters.In Mad Shadows, the look we are given into Isabelle Maries wants allow us to understand why she acts certain ways that otherwise would seem evil and without purpose. When Louise goes on a trip and Isa belle Marie starves and taunts her brother Patrice to the point of illness, we understand why she feels the need to commit such acts By depriving him of food she could make him pale and wan, and this creature who had never known the touch of misery would become her puppet. (p. 15). -concept of foreshadowing- Cinderella-

Macroeconomics Homework 1 Essay

Principles of Macroeconomics Homework 1 Please write down your answers as clearly as possible. 1. below are some data from the land of milk and honey. Year two hundred8 cc9 2010 Price of Milk $1 $1 $2 Quantity of Milk speed of light quarts 200 200 Price of Honey $2 $2 $4 Quantity of Honey 50 quarts coke degree centigradea. Compute the nominal gross domestic product, in truth gross domestic product, and the gross domestic product deflator for each year, using 2008 as the base year. Calculating nominal GDP2008 ($1 per qt. of milk 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey 50 qts. honey) = $200 2009 ($1 per qt. of milk 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey 100 qts. honey) = $ cd 2010 ($2 per qt. of milk 200 qts. milk) + ($4 per qt. of honey 100 qts. honey) = $800Calculating real GDP (base year 2008) 2008 ($1 per qt. of milk 100 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey 50 qts. honey) = $200 2009 ($1 per qt. of milk 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey 100 qts. honey) = $400 2010 ($1 per qt. of milk 200 qts. milk) + ($2 per qt. of honey 100 qts. honey) = $400Calculating the GDP deflator 2008 ($200/$200) 100 = 100 2009 ($400/$400) 100 = 100 2010 ($800/$400) 100 = 2001b. Compute the percentage transplant in nominal GDP, real GDP, and the GDP deflator in 2009 and 2010 from the preceding year. For each year, identify the inconsistent that does non change. Explain in words why your answer makes sense. Calculating the percentage change in nominal GDPPercentage change in nominal GDP in 2009 = *($400 $200)/$200+ 100 = 100%. Percentage change in nominal GDP in 2010 = *($800 $400)/$400+ 100 = 100%. Calculating the percentage change in real GDP Percentage change in real GDP in 2009 = *($400 $200)/$200+ 100 = 100%. Percentage change in real GDP in 2010 = *($400 $400)/$400 100 = 0%.Calculating the percentage change in GDP deflator Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2009 = *(100 100)/100+ 100 = 0%. Percentage change in the GDP deflator in 2010 = *(200 100)/100+ 100 = 100%. Prices did not change from 2008 to 2009. Thus, the percentage change in the GDP deflator is zero. Likewise, output levels did not change from 2009 to 2010. This means that the percentage change in real GDP is zero.c. Did economic well-being rise more in 2009 or 2010? Explain. Economic well-being rose more in 2009 than in 2010, since real GDP rose in 2009 but not in 2010. In 2009, real GDP rose but prices did not. In 2010, real GDP did not rise but prices did.2. What components of GDP in this year (if any) would each of the following transactions affects? How about total GDP in this year? Explain. a. A family buys a new refrigerator Consumption increases because a refrigerator is a good purchased by a household. Total GDP increases by the same amount.b. Aunt Jane buys a new houseInvestment increases because a new house is an investment good. Total GDP increases by the same amount.c. Ford sells a Mustang from its inventory2Consumption increases because a car i s a good purchased by a household, but investment decreases because the car in Fords inventory had been counted as an investment good until it was sold. The increase in consumption cancels the decrease in investment, so there is no change to the total GDP (recall that GDP does not include the value from sale of used good)d. You buy a pizza from a local Pizza place.Consumption increases because pizza is a good purchased by a household. Total GDP increases by the same amount.e. California repaves Highway 101Government purchases increase because the government spent money to provide a good to the public. Total GDP increases by the same amount.f. Your parents buy a bottle of French wineConsumption increases because the bottle is a good purchased by a household, but net exports decrease because the bottle was imported. The increase in consumption cancels the decrease in net exports, so there is no change to the total GDP (recall that GDP does not include the value of foreign produced goo ds)g. Honda downsizes its factory in Marysville, OhioInvestment decreases because some structures and equipment were put away. Total GDP decreases by the same amount.h. A senior lady in Cleveland receives social security from the government. Neither any of the components nor the total GDP is affected. Because social security is a kindly of transfer payment, which is not included in GDP. 3. Explain a. why a closed in(p) parsimonys income must equal its expenditure? A closed economys income must equal its expenditure, because every transaction has a buyer and a seller. Thus, expenditure by buyers must equal income by sellers.b. Why do economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic wellbeing? Economists use real GDP rather than nominal GDP to gauge economic well-being because real GDP is not affected by changes in prices, so it reflects only changes in the amounts being produced. Because it measures the economys production of goods and services, it reflects the ec onomys ability to satisfy peoples needs and desires. But nominal GDP is affected both by quantity and price. You cannot determine if a rise in nominal GDP has been caused by increased production or higher prices. Thus real GDP is a better gauge of economic well-being than is nominal GDP.

An Overview Of Organic Foods Environmental Sciences Essay

Under the criterions that adopted by the U.S. Agriculture plane section ( USDA ) , fundamental nutrients get down the signifi ordurece that nutrients raised without chemicals and processed without additives. Man-make fertilisers, pesticides and antibiotics may non be use in rai prattle radical nutrients. as well that, us hop on of irradiation, biotechnology, and sewer-sludge fertiliser is besides banned. Farming patterns used ahead the 1900 s ar classed as native fertilizer. It was merely after this that added chemicals such as urea and DDT were brought into agriculture.By and large, extreme nutrients included organic veggies, fruits, dairy merchandises, meat, and olive oil. Animals can be classs as organic if they are feed with organic nutrients like organic maizes and organic harvests. Based on the information of All for inwrought Health, familial alteration is non allowed throughout the whole elevation procedure. Further more than than, additives and seasoning are for biding to be added into meats. Because of these patterns, organic nutrients capture more nutrition and healthier if comparison with conventional nutrients. most consumers believe that organic nutrients are hot due to the agriculture and raising patterns.From a inquiry conducted by extreme Monitor towards organic meandering(a) market, single-digit market growing was observed for the first clip in 2009 because of the economic lag cut drink down industry investing and consumer disbursement power. Organic nutrients and imbibe gross revenues expanded by approximately phoebe bird per centum to 54.9 billion US dollarsA in 2009. Global grosss have join ond observed each year, except in 2009. Based on the information that collected by Willer and Kilcher ( 2009 ) , more than 140 states are now bring forthing certified organic nutrients with 32.2 trillion hectares of agricultural debark being man termd organically globally by more than 1.2 million manuf actionurers. The states wit h the largest markets are the US, Germany, and France the highest per capita ingestion is Denmark, Switzerland, and Austria which shown in the tabular array belowTable 1.1 The states with the highest per capita ingestion of Organic nutrients 2009Organic Foods Market in MalaysiaIt is undeniable that the demand for organic nutrients is on the lifting be givenency in Malaysia. This lifting tendency essentially caused by the alterations of consumer life style as they are more concern about nutrients galosh. Harmonizing to IFOAM & A FiBL ( 2003 ) , in that location are 600 hectares of land under organic solicitude with a portion of entire agricultural land of 0.01. Domestic production is mostly limited to veggies and fruit with perchance one organic domestic birdie operator in East Malaysia. Whilst turning, entire estimated norm is still statistically undistinguished ( UNEP/UNCTAD, 2006 ) . Most organic production is sold domestically with many being exported to Singapore. So f ar, thereA isA no dependable market statistics available. Some supermarkets such as Jusco, Carrefour, set up an organic corner to advance organic merchandises. Based on the information provided by Department of Agriculture Malaysia, Malaysia Organic Scheme ( SOM ) is a enfranchisement programme to cognize the husbandman who operates his farm in conformity with the standard conditions set by the national organic criterion, MS 15292001. An inspector from SOM bequeath be send to transport out for farm review and the goal to prove whether a farm is organic or non is made by a enfranchisement commission consisting of members from affiliate authorities sections. Once the application is successful, a logo of Organic Malaysia will be labeled on the merchandises. A merchandise with this organic logo fundamentally is more expensive comparison to others. In wide, SOM brings gain ground to whole society because environmental pollution is minimized and consumers are assured that the mercha ndises they purchase are very organic.Research BackgroundIt is a fact that the demand for organic nutrients are lifting dramatically in these few old ages. Foods safety and wellness consciousness are turning quickly in late old ages. Therefore, aboutwhat consumers tend to buy organic merchandises which are healthier and higher quality. Under the 9th Malaysia Plan ( 2006-2010 ) that unveiled by the fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia, A Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, the authorities is aiming the organic agriculture industry to be deserving RM800 million in 5 old ages clip. The Ministry of Agriculture plans to hold 20,000 hectares under organic state methods by twelvemonth 2010, increasing local production by 4,000 hectares per twelvemonth. Organic ingestion is expected to turn by 20 % per annum ( DoA ) . Besides this, authorities encourages little scale manufacturer endeavor into organic agriculture. Compare to conventional nutrients, organic nutrients bring a batch of advanta ges and organic agriculture patterns may minimise environmental pollution. Organic farming method creates organic veggies and fruit contains more 50 % vitamin, nutrition and mineral than farmed nutrients. With a chemical submit agriculture method, organic nutrients may cut down nutrient toxic condition and forestall some diseases. Pesticides and antifungals are spray on veggies and fruits straight on commercial agriculture method and excessively untold ingestion of these chemicals in long term can do malignant neoplastic disease because of it can non be to the full digest by our organic structure system. Therefore, organic nutrients are better set up to cut down the opportunity to develop malignant neoplastic disease. From environment facet, organic agriculture method takes good attention of dirt and land because it encourages the recycling of foods back into the dirt so it can really make better long term sustainability for our land resources.Problem StatementIn facts, there are many research role players fashioning research on the facet of organic nutrients but there are non much research sing Malaysia organic nutrients market. This has triggered the involvement and avidity to analyze more about this subject. Despite authorities has mark to attach organic farming industry, but there are still some consumers do non aware about the particular properties of organic nutrients compare to conventional nutrients. Furthermore, organic market in Malaysia can be considered as little comparison to other western state such as United State and Australia. Besides than these, factors and motivations that influence families to alter their purchase attitudes from conventional nutrients to organic nutrients is besides one of the factors that triggered the involvement to analyze more about this subject.Research AimsThis research paper is conducted for the intent ofTo place is at that place any kin among 3 factors ( economic, mental science, manner ) and purchase dete rmination of organic nutrients among Malaysia families.To find what is the chief factor to act upon Malaysia families on buying organic nutrients.To research the relationship in the midst of demographic background ( age, instruction degree, sexual urge and faith ) and purchase determination for organic nutrients.Research QuestionsBased on the research aim that stated in 1.4, this research will set up several inquiriesWhat are the relationship between 3 factors ( economic, psychological science, direction ) and purchase determination of organic nutrients among Malaysia families?What is the chief factor to act upon Malaysia families on buying organic nutrients?What is the relationship between demographic background and purchase determination for organic nutrients?Definitions of Key FootingsTable below is the list of key footings with accounts of definitions that the writer will concentrate on in this survey.Table 1.2 Definitions of Key FootingsCardinal TermDefinitionBeginnings1Orga nic FoodsFoods produced without utilizing most conventional pesticides fertilisers made with man-made ingredients or sewerage sludge biotechnology or ionising radiation.U.S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA )2EconomicA scientific discipline which surveies human behavior as a relationship between terminals and scarce agencies which have alternate utilizations.Lionel Robbins ( 1932 )3PsychologyA scientific survey of human conduct and mental proceduresFeldman, ( 1990 )4Management5DemographicA characteristic used to depict some facet of a population and that can be measured for that population, such as growing rate, age scope, income degree, and instruction backgroundLaura Klappenbach, n.dScope of StudyIn order to increase readers involvement, this research paper is titled as multidimensional sell positions of organic nutrients. In a simpler word, this research paper is conducted to look into what are the chief factors to act upon consumer from Johor Bahru and malacca cane to buy o rganic nutrients. Therefore, the lone dependant variable is organic nutrients purchase determination. Four self-sustaining variables had been realised to mensurate this relationship. The four independent variables that have been employed in this research are economic, psychological science, direction and demographic. Survey signifier will be naturalised and administer to aim respondents, family from Johor Bahru and Malacca province who age from 20-65 old ages old. 200 sets of questionnaires will be every bit distributed to aim respondents based on demographic background which is gender. In other words, 100 sets questionnaire will be distributed to male while the remainder will reply by female.Significance of the StudyFirst, this research paper can be use as a adduce to consumers particularly families who are sing to buy organic merchandise, this research might assist them through broad a clearer image about some elements and advantages of organic nutrients. Furthermore, this wi ll take more pupils to take organic nutrients.Second, this survey of organic nutrients shall besides alarm organic husbandmans on some betterment needed. Through this paper, organic husbandmans will understand more about consumers consideration before they purchase. Some installations can be added to increase the production of organic nutrients. In add-on, organic husbandmans will be provided a clearer image about Malaysia organic nutrients market and organic label.Third, this paper shall give information to those organic nutrients retail merchants. Through understanding consumers watch towards organic nutrients, organic nutrients retail merchants can pull off their merchandise from the facet of pricing, wrapping and labeling to conjure up gross revenues volume. In add-on, this may make more occupation chances and assist to foster better Malaysia s economic system.Last, this paper can be contributed as a mention to future research worker who intends to carry on research in relat ed field. This paper can be a rule of thumb to assist researcher hold a clearer image and smoothen their research advancement.Organization of the ResearchIntroduction about organic nutrients and boilersuit of this research are discuss in chapter 1. Organic nutrients market in Malaysia is defined here and follows up with research background that focuses on some information about organic nutrients. Research aims and inquiries are established in chapter 1 that discuss about aims to be step in this research.Chapter 2 is concentrate on the past literature reappraisal that are related to organic nutrients, which has been published by a cosmic figure of research worker. The chief independent variables will be explained in this portion which consists of economic system, psychological science, direction, and demographic. A really specific account of each variable will be provided in this portion.Chapter 3 will calculate out the research methodological analysis that will be used in this res earch paper in order to happen out the relationship of independent variables towards purchase determination of organic nutrients. In add-on, hypothesis and theoretical model will be besides shown in this chapter. by from these, informations analysis method and trying design will be explained in item.Chapter 4 will slip away with the analysis of the information that have been collected by utilizing Statistical Process for Social Science ( SPSS ) strain 18. Analysis of demographic background of the respondents is provided in this chapter.Chapter 5 illustrates the treatment of the hypothesis. Each of the hypotheses that established in chapter 4 will be farther explain in this chapter and follow by deductions. Furthermore, restriction of the survey and some recommendations for this research paper will be provided in this portion. Last, a simple decision will be usage to stop the full research.Chapter SummaryIn overall, chapter 1 has explained the definition and organic nutrients mark et. In this portion, the research worker has besides set up the research aim for this survey. In add-on, the definition of dependant variable and each independent variable has been explained in a table signifier. Last, range of survey and important of the survey besides has been explained in inside informations in this chapter.

A Room of One’s Own: the Context of Women’s Existence in Society Essay

Even though the texts were composed in different condemnations and different literary forms, both composers sought to criticise the way that their context operated. In Virginia Woolfs A Room of Ones Own (1928) and Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf(1962), both composers purpose is to bring both men and women into a clearer understanding of the ways in which women nurse been held back in western society and the role that illusions about sexual activity roles keep back played in social interactions. We learn through comparing both texts that in order to obtain truth, both genders perspectives mustiness be taken into account Woolf, a constitutional suff resentmenttte, empowers women writers by first exploring the nature of women in fiction, and then(prenominal) by incorporating intellects of the androgynous mind and unmarriedity as it exists in a womens experience as a writer. they had been written in the red swingy of emotion and not in the white light of truth Woolf writes in a way which we call stream of consciousness style to write this inclusive and conciliatory lecture.Her language and style is witty, and non-confrontational and makes her heightens in a meandering way. She does this to charm her audience into agreeing with her through her sylphlike style as a writer. Albee, contrastingly, uses a confrontational and visceral stage play to make his point about the noxiousness that results from trying to conform to expected gender roles. His language, roughageisation, rhythm and tension are aggressive and shocking. He makes use of elements of Absurdism in order to comment upon the illogical and often bewildering nature of trying to negotiate gender relationships within his time. The Ameri suffer Dream was the illusion in his play, where the characters try to hide behind the illusions and felt that this would succor them feel joy in attaining this AD. Albees purpose was to look behind the Perfections of the AD All imbalances allow for be sifted out Everyone raise up out tend to be rather the same and show the way it was destructive as a model for relationships because it denies equality for men and women, which is what Virginia Woolf is searching for. In both texts there is a struggle for women to maintain their identity in a patriarchal society.Woolf presents the challenging idea that women could be as effective as men as writers of fiction if they were given the same means and tools to be open to compose, A womanhood must have money and a get on of her own if she is to write fiction. This idea challenges the gender relationships established in her Victorian and early modernist context. In Room, Woolf blames the patriarchal society for oppressing women and subjugating individuals identities, and that, as you will see, leaves the great problem of the true nature of women. . .and fiction unresolved. She feels that the license of women to write is restrained by the expectations men have of what a woman should be .In other words, creation a wife and the daily, culturally defined expectations of a female made it difficult for creativity and in particular the writing of fiction to be expressed in the Victorian era. Furthermore, Woolf states that even if a woman in such circumstances manages to write, using Charlotte Bronte as the example, she will write in a rage where she should write calmly . Woolf shows here, using juxtaposition that a women writing out of frustration with the repression of her everyday life, will be an ineffective writer as she will write without an androgynous perspective. Woolfs message, it seems, is that women must undertake against the resistance of the patriarchal culture and attain some degree of independence and freedom from the restraints placed upon them by gender stereotypes.Similarly, Albees context, during the Cold war, has affected the way he has written Whos Afraid with the trying on in tempo and style. This play shows the way that relationships, such as m arriages, have become a theater of operations in his post ww2 context, because of the tensions in gender relationships in the conservative era of America in the 1950s, where the AD outlined perceived ways that women and men should relate to one another. Martha is the older and the more dominant character between the two women in the text and is a model of women who have the money and a room of their own. She has gained a measure of the independence that Woolf sought for women in her lecture. She is not ruled by her husband, George, their marriage is in fact quite the opposite. Martha does not live up to the societal expectations for a woman in her time as she is a bold and rebellious figure, using crass and unfeminine language, and telling anecdotes from hers and Georges individualised life.This includes the story of her schoolgirl marriage to a man who mowed the lawnsitting up there, all naked,..theorietically you cant get an annulment if theres entrance. Contrastingly, Honey rep resents the vulnerable and withheld typical 1950s housewife, someone who does not have the voice and independence that Woolf hoped for. Her name symbolises to the responder that she isnt an independent woman, she is reliant on the way that she is viewed by men, as sweet and gentle. This vulnerability and reliance shown in the anaphora, Ive never been so frightened in my life Never. This play is a battlefield because women in both relationships are thwarted and oppressed, whence Virigina Woolfs hopes for independent, self-motivated women are not achieved in the female characters represented by Albee.The male characters in Albees play also show the illusory nature of the American Dream and the way that gender roles in the Cold War period were increasingly complex for members of both sexes. Georges character swings through moments of rage, frustration and cynicism as he watches his wife behave in a way that reflects badly upon him as a husband within his context. He alternately belitt les lectures and reacts sarcastically to the woman that, at some points, the responder can see he still cares for. mountain pass, on the other hand, represents the future a biologist who lacks the empathy and emotion that George displays. Nicks patronising treatment of Honey shows that he does not feel any respect or equality with her, and that he is consciously afraid that she has tricked him into a loveless and uneven marriage.

Native Americans vs. African Americans Essay

In directlys society in that location argon mevery plurality life sentence in poverty. All crosswise America there be different projects and reservations where the less good reside. Statistics show that mostly minorities live in these different locations. aboriginal Americans and African Americans ar two of the more popular races living in these places. The grouping detriment the most in these situations is the youth.Although both endemic American and African American children living on a reservation or in the projects experience a terrible community, have little to no faith, and a broken family structure, African American youth living in the projects have it worse than infixed American children living on a reservation. First, atomic number 53 of the most common living situations for less fortunate African Americans is in the projects. A project is a public living surround that is governwork forcet owned. Although these buildings are government owned they are far from ni ce looking. Most of the buildings have no windows, are blend down, dirty, and old.The governments main goal is to maintain affordable housing non to make them the better looking homes in town. The projects arent a good environment for a child to be raised. throughout these neighborhoods different cliques can be found. These gangs are built to defend the different areas in the projects. The gangs bring major(ip) violence to the area and are one of the main causes of death. At a childlike age children link these gangs and are raised to be violent. Many of them decorate the buildings they are living in with graffiti expressing their gang colors, symbols, or motto.In contrast, while Native American youth excessively live in scurvy housing, the environment is safer than the projects. A reservation is an area set aside for a specific type of defeat use or activity, or for use by a particular group of people, mostly Native Americans. Similar to the projects, houses on a reservatio n are old, beat down, and dirty. The houses on a reservation are government owned as well. Although these two locations are very similar they also differ. The reservation is a safer place indeed the projects. On the reservation there is a couple cases of mild violence exactly they arent as severe as the violence in the projects.Therefore, the reservations environment is a better environment than the projects. Secondly, many of the young people have no faith growing up in the projects. A lot of them believe their only way out of the projects is to become a basketball or football player or to become a top selling rap artist. At as young as sixteen years of age most African American males end up in jail, deceased, or selling drugs. A lot of them are also lead to believe that if they dresst do what every other man on the streets is doing, then they wont make it anywhere in life.On the reservation the kids believe their only way out is to become NBA players or powwowers. Powwowers ar e traditional Native American breathe inleaders or dancers. Much like the African Americans growing up in the projects, the life expectancy rate for those living on a reservation is in the middle forties. Considering that both of these locations are in the United States mid forties is very young of age. Many of these people dont live very long because they dont have enough bills to take care of themselves as well as their families. They also arent able to live a healthy lifestyle which shor cardinals their days.Death is common in the two locations which leaves these two young groups wondering whats beyond the age forty. Lastly, family structure is very important in a household. In the projects many of the homes inadequacy a very strong family structure. Children growing up in the projects nine times out of ten dont have both parents in the home. Most of them are drug dealers, alcoholics, prostitutes, or doing any and everything to try and provide for the child. Although these pa rents are trying to provide for their children a lot of the time they are also on welfare.Moreover, these childrens parents arent ever around, they sometimes go days without having anything to eat. Many of the young men follow after the footsteps of their father, older brother, or uncles which is why this cycle has continued for so long. Native Americans typically stick together as a unit. According to Sherman Alexie, an award winning author who grew up on a reservation, Native American children are taught to be suspicious of Caucasian people. Native Americans teach this to their children because there are many people in America that are against minorities and believe that just because they are the absolute majority theyre better.A lot of the parents on a reservation go from job to job not being able to keep one job for a long period of time. Many of these parents are also alcoholics. On the other hand, some of these families on these reservations are very family oriented unlike t he African American families in the projects. These Native American families have up to seventeen family members living in one house. They keep their families very close and are very supportive of one another rather then being against each other like African Americans.The parents watch over their children to make sure they dont go down the wrong path in life. Although these families are experiencing hard times they cheer each other up and manage to smile every once in a while. Therefore, the Native Americans family structure is stronger then African Americans. In conclusion, Native American youth living on a reservation have it better then African American youth living in the projects. some(prenominal) of these minorities are going through some hardships. From alcoholic parents to not having anything to eat they both are suffering as young children.Native American families provide a safer living environment, work harder, and look after one another, where as African Americans are ag ainst one another, on the streets all day, and are strongly associated with violence. As the years go on these families are hoping that the government depart separate people in the projects and those living on reservations and provide them both with a better living situation. If these environments are separated the United States will be one step closer to eliminating violence in America.

Bauhaus History of Design Essay

The Bauhaus was the first model of the modern art school. The Bauhaus course of study combined theoretic information and practical training in the educational workshops. It drew inspiration from the ideals of the revolutionary art movements and design experiments of the previous(predicate) 20th century. A woodcut (shown right) depicted the idealized vision of Walter Gropius, a cathedral of design. Bauhaus 1919-33 The Bauhaus began with an utopian comment The building of the future was to combine all the arts in ideal unity.In order to conk this goal, the crack up, Walter Gropius, saw the necessity to develop new teaching methods and was convinced that the base for any art was to be found in handcraft the school will gradually turn into a workshop. artists and craftsmen tell classes and production together at the Bauhaus in Weimar. This was intended to remove any distinction between beauteous arts and applied arts. Of course, the educational and social claim to a new configura tion of life and its surround could not always be achieved.And the Bauhaus was not all with this goal, only when the name became a near synonym for this trend. The Bauhaus occupies a place of its own in the history of 20th century culture, computer architecture, design, art and new media. mavin of the first schools of design, it brought together a number of the most outstanding contemporary architects and artists and was not only an ripe training centre but also a place of production and a focus of foreign debate.At a time when industrial society was in the grip of a crisis, the Bauhaus stood almost alone in asking how the modernisation process could be mastered by means of design. Founded in Weimar in 1919, the Bauhaus rallied masters and students who sought to reverse the split between art and production by returning to the crafts as the foundation of all artistic activity and developing exemplary designs for objects and spaces that were to form part of a more human future society. Following intense internal debate, in 1923 the Bauhaus turned its ttention to industry under its founder and first director Walter Gropius (18831969).The major exhibition which opened in 1923, reflecting the revised principle of art and engineering science as a new unity, showcased the full spectrum of Bauhaus work and prototypes. The Haus Am Horn provided a glimpse of a residential building of the future. In 1924 funding for the Bauhaus was cut so drastically at the instigation of right forces that it had to seek a new home. The Bauhaus moved to Dessau at a time of rising economic fortunes, comely the municipally funded School of Design.Almost all masters moved with it. Former students became junior masters in tutelage of the workshops. Famous works of art and architecture and influential designs were produced in Dessau in the years from 1926 to 1932. Walter Gropius resigned as director on 1st April 1928 under the constrict of constant struggles for the Bauhaus surviv al, He was succeeded by the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer (18891954) whose work sought to shape a harmonious society. Cost-cutting industrial mass production was to make products cheap for the masses.Despite his successes, Hannes Meyers Marxist convictions became a problem for the city council amidst the political turbulence of Germany in 1929, and the pastime year he was removed from his post. Under Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (18861969) the Bauhaus developed from 1930 into a technical school of architecture with subsidiary art and workshop departments. After the Nazis became the biggest party in Dessau at the elections, the Bauhaus was forced to move in September 1932. It moved to Berlin but only lasted for a short time longer.The Bauhaus dissolved itself under pressure from the Nazis in 1933. Architecture The building is the ultimate goal of all fine art, the Bauhaus manifesto proclaimed sand in 1919. Architecture training at the Bauhaus in Weimar was initially the prerogative of Walter Gropius private architectural act and for a short time courses were run by his partner Adolf Meyer and in association with the Baugewerkschule (building trades school) in Weimar. The Bauhaus workshops were multiform in these efforts through Gropiuss office.This collaboration produced the Haus Am Horn in 1923. Some new methods base on specific types and standardisation were employed not only to produce new architecture but to anticipate a new lifestyle through this architecture. In 1927 Walter Gropius offered Hannes Meyer a position in charge of architecture classes. That year Hannes Meyer began to put together a curriculum which included all relevant subjects much(prenominal) as planning, design, draftsmanship, construction, town planning. Architecture for Walter Gropius and Hannes Meyer alike mainly denoted the design of lifes processes.Hannes Meyer went far beyond Gropiuss study of essentials, which focused too much on the object for his taste, turning his teaching syl labus into one where the concrete conditions in society and the factors determining architecture and its use formed the starting excite for all planning and design. The habits of the future residents of an estate or a house were studied in scientific detail. From 1930 to 1933 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe carried on with much of what had been started under his predecessors.At the same time Mies van der Rohe streamlined the curriculum to produce something like a system of courses which left almost no room for utopian experiments. The volume of the new student intake at the Bauhaus had already completed a course of studies, and the Bauhaus became a graduate student school. Mies van der Rohes teaching focused on the design of specific buildings whose appearance owed cypher to Gropiuss study of essentials or to the collective satisfaction of the peoples needs, but which were to be the spatial implementation of intellectual decisions (Mies van der Rohe) in an aesthetically consummate fash ion.